Elliptical trainers were first introduced in the 1990s for fitness clubs and gyms. This combination treadmill, stair climber, and ski machine mimics walking, running, and bicycling. It is a stationary machine in which the user works out in a standing position instead of sitting. The first machines did not include handles to exercise the upper body. Modern models are equipped with handles that move in sync with the pedals for a whole body workout. A more compact version was patented in 2004 and quickly became more popular for home gyms. Elliptical trainers are recommended by fitness instructors and personal trainers as a more effective way to burn calories due to the total body workout experienced. This equipment has also been reviewed and approved by the American Council on Exercise.
This quiet machine is ideal for those with knee problems, back problems, or joint problems. These workouts are low impact and provide less stress to joints than regular running or from using a treadmill. These workouts are not meant to build muscle mass but instead provide an excellent cardio program to tone, strengthen, and trim the entire body.
Using the handles along with the pedals exercises both the upper and lower body. By not utilizing the handles in a workout, the user can work on their balance and posture. Thirty minute workouts accomplished three to four times a week provide a good routine resulting in the exerciser feeling that they have not worked hard enough. Actually, they have worked harder than they thought.
Models are available in different sizes for various weight capacities. The three types of elliptical trainers are available in rear drive, front drive, and center drive. The drive is the location of the motor. Rear drive is the oldest and offers a smooth motion. Next came the front drive which is not as smooth operating. The more modern center drive has two small wheels by the pedals.
The resistance system can either be manually adjusted, utilizes motorized brakes, or incorporates a more modern and smoother running brake system. The stride length on some models is factory set and cannot be changed. Other models can be changed to various degrees. Even the incline of the pedals can be adjusted either manually or by using a small motor. Making these adjustments makes a workout more or less intense. Pedal motion is forward and reverse for varied workouts.
Most models feature a control panel that is either electric or battery powered. Different models offer assorted monitoring information or feedback. Some models are also programmable. Personal workout routines can be stored in memory for each user. Modern units include a heart rate monitor with sensors either in the handgrips or by clips attached to the ear or wrist.
These exercise machines can be purchased from sports shops, department stores, and on the internet. Household models start at $300, and commercial model prices begin around $3,000. These commercial units are more heavy duty and durable for the constant use at gyms and fitness clubs.
Photo via Jaci Berkopec
